Adnexal Cysts (Ovarian/Tubal)
Ovarian and Tubal Cysts
Ovarian and tubal cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovary or within the fallopian tube. Many cysts are common, benign, and resolve without treatment. However, some can enlarge, cause pain, affect fertility, or require surgical management.
Symptoms may include pelvic pain, bloating, abdominal fullness, pain during intercourse, or changes in bladder and bowel function. Occasionally, a cyst can twist on its blood supply (ovarian torsion), causing sudden severe pain and requiring urgent surgical treatment. Less commonly, a cyst may rupture and cause acute pain. While most ovarian and tubal cysts are non-cancerous, it is important to carefully assess their appearance and clinical features to exclude the possibility of an underlying ovarian cancer.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis is usually made with pelvic ultrasound and, where appropriate, blood tests or additional imaging. Treatment depends on the size and type of cyst, symptoms, age, fertility considerations, and the likelihood of malignancy. Options range from observation with repeat imaging to minimally invasive surgery for cysts that are persistent, symptomatic, large, or have concerning features.
Dr Mathias provides individualised assessment and management, with a focus on symptom relief, preservation of fertility where appropriate, and thorough evaluation of any cyst with suspicious features. When surgery is required, minimally invasive techniques are used whenever possible.
